1、 The State Council issued the Opinions on Improving the Compensation Mechanism for Ecological Protection
Summary
On April 28, 2016, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Improving the Compensation Mechanism for Ecological Protection (GBF [2016] No. 31).
The Opinions emphasized that we should firmly establish the concept of innovation, coordination, green, open and shared development, constantly improve the transfer payment system, explore the establishment of a diversified ecological protection compensation mechanism, gradually expand the scope of compensation, reasonably improve the compensation standard, effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in ecological environment protection, and promote the construction of ecological civilization to a new level.
The Opinions put forward that, in accordance with the principle of "unified rights and responsibilities, reasonable compensation, government led, social participation, overall planning, transitional development, pilot first, and steady implementation", efforts should be made to implement ecological protection compensation tasks in key areas such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, oceans, water flows, and cultivated land.
By 2020, achieve full coverage of ecological protection compensation in the above key areas, prohibited development areas, key ecological functional areas and other important areas, and the compensation level should be consistent with the economic and social development situation. Remarkable progress has been made in the pilot demonstration of cross regional and cross basin compensation. A diversified compensation mechanism has been initially established, and basically establish an ecological protection compensation system that conforms to China's national conditions.
The Opinions clearly stated that seven aspects of system and mechanism innovation will be promoted:
First, establish a stable investment mechanism, raise funds through multiple channels, and increase protection and compensation.
Second, improve the compensation mechanism for key ecological areas, delimit and strictly observe the ecological protection red line, and study and formulate relevant ecological protection compensation policies.
Third, promote horizontal ecological protection compensation, and study and formulate a horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism that focuses on local compensation and is supported by the central government.
Fourth, improve the supporting system, improve the measurement method based on the output capacity of ecological products, and accelerate the establishment of the ecological protection compensation standard system.
The fifth is to innovate the policy coordination mechanism, and study and establish a new mechanism to promote ecological environment protection through the coordination of ecological environment damage compensation, ecological product market transaction and ecological protection compensation.
Sixth, combine ecological protection compensation to promote targeted poverty alleviation, innovate the use of funds, carry out pilot ecological comprehensive compensation in poor areas, and explore new ways of ecological poverty alleviation.
Seventh, accelerate the construction of the rule of law, and constantly promote the institutionalization and legalization of ecological protection compensation.
Comments
The implementation of ecological protection compensation is an important means to mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties and protect the ecological environment, and is an important part of the construction of the ecological civilization system.
The introduction of the Opinions is a specific measure to comprehensively and deeply promote the reform of the ecological civilization system. It focuses on the innovation of the system and mechanism, including the collection, distribution, monitoring, evaluation and trading of ecological protection compensation funds. It aims to break through the "medium obstacles" facing the current ecological protection compensation from the top-level design level through practical mechanism construction, and explore the establishment of a diversified ecological protection compensation system, It highlights the scientific and legal spirit of China in the construction of ecological civilization, and its significance and impact will be far-reaching.
2、 The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Comprehensively Promoting the Reform of Resource Tax
Summary
On May 10, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Comprehensively Promoting the Reform of Resource Tax (CS [2016] No. 53), which has comprehensively promoted the reform of resource tax since July 1, 2016.
The Notice requires that, through the comprehensive implementation of the reform of clearing fees and establishing taxes and levying taxes based on prices, the relationship between resource taxes and fees should be straightened out, and a standardized and fair resource tax system with reasonable regulation and efficient collection and management should be established to effectively play its role in organizing income, regulating the economy, promoting the conservation and intensive use of resources and protecting the ecological environment.
The Notice clarifies the main contents of resource tax reform, including expanding the scope of resource tax collection and carrying out the pilot work of water resource tax reform; Implementing the reform of ad valorem collection of mineral resources tax; Fully clean up the fee funds involving mineral resources; Reasonably determine the level of resource tax rate; Strengthen the management of preferential tax policies for mineral resources and improve the efficiency of comprehensive utilization of resources.
We will comprehensively promote ad valorem taxation. On the basis of the reform of ad valorem resource tax on crude oil, natural gas, coal, rare earth, tungsten and molybdenum, the reform will impose ad valorem tax on most mineral products. However, based on the principle of convenient collection and management, the reform will still impose a quota based tax on a small number of mineral products, such as clay and sandstone, which are decentralized, mostly cash transactions and difficult to control.
Comments
Comprehensively promoting the reform of resource tax is a major policy adjustment based on effectively solving the problems in the resource tax system and centering on the goal of resource tax reform. It is also an important part of deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax system in the new era.
This is another major tax reform launched in China after the pilot project of replacing business tax with value-added tax was launched on May 1, 2016. It is to fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, firmly establish and implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and effectively play the role of tax leverage in accordance with the "five in one" overall layout and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, It is a major measure to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the resource industry and promote the economic restructuring and transformation of the development mode.
3、 The Supreme Court issued the Opinions on Providing Judicial Services and Guarantees for Promoting Ecological Civilization Construction and Green Development
Summary
On May 26, 2016, the Supreme People's Court issued the Opinions on Giving Full Play to the Role of Judicial Functions to Provide Judicial Services and Guarantees for Promoting Ecological Civilization Construction and Green Development (Fa Fa [2016] No. 12).
The Opinions mainly stipulates the following aspects:
First, we emphasized the overall situation of service, and further defined the general requirements and safeguard measures for people's courts to serve and safeguard the construction of ecological civilization and green development.
The second is to highlight the concept first and clearly put forward the concept of modern environmental justice.
Third, adhere to the problem orientation and emphasize the hearing of key environmental resource cases.
Fourth, we should keep a moderate perspective and explore and improve the trial rules for new areas and types of cases. Fifth, we should strengthen collaborative trials and give full play to the overall joint force of environmental resources trials.
Comments
The Opinions are an important embodiment of thoroughly implementing the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, promoting the full implementation of the 13th Five Year Plan, giving full play to the role of people's courts in adjudication, and providing fair and efficient judicial services and guarantees for accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and green development; It is the result of careful investigation and study to better play the role of the trial function, improve the level of legalization of ecological environment governance, earnestly safeguard the people's environmental rights and interests and environmental public interests, and ensure the national natural resources and ecological environment security, focusing on the needs of the trial work and aiming at the outstanding problems that need to be solved in practice.
4、 The Ministry of Land and Resources issued the China Mineral Resources Report (2016)
Summary
On September 22, 2016, the Ministry of Land and Resources released the China Mineral Resources Report (2016).
The Report has for the first time disclosed a number of authoritative indexes of the mineral industry. The report mainly covers the situation of mineral resources in China, exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources, protection of mine geological environment, management and policy of mineral resources, survey, evaluation and data service of geological and mineral resources, scientific and technological innovation and international cooperation.
The Report shows that during the 12th Five Year Plan period, the proven reserves of coal, natural gas, manganese ore, bauxite, nickel ore, tungsten ore, molybdenum ore, gold ore, phosphorus ore and other important minerals increased significantly. Since the State Council approved shale gas as a new mineral in 2011, it has accumulated 544.1 billion cubic meters of proven geological reserves. The evaluation results of the potential of 23 important mineral resources show that China has great potential for prospecting. Among the main minerals, 41 kinds of proven resource reserves increased and 5 kinds decreased, and the proven geological reserves of shale gas of newly established minerals increased rapidly.
Compared with the end of the 11th Five Year Plan, the recoverable reserves of residual oil technology increased by 10.4%, natural gas increased by 37.4%, and coalbed methane increased by 132.3% at the end of the 12th Five Year Plan. The newly identified resource reserves of natural gas, coalbed methane, shale gas, manganese ore, tungsten ore and molybdenum ore account for more than 30% of the total identified resource reserves.
According to the Report, in terms of the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, the current situation of the "three rates" of mineral resources has been basically understood, the "three rates" indicator evaluation system for major minerals has been initially established, the advanced and applicable technologies for conservation and comprehensive utilization have been optimized and promoted, the construction of demonstration bases for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources has achieved remarkable results, and a revised version of the technical catalog for encouraging, limiting and eliminating the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources has been issued.
The "three rate" indicator requirements for 27 kinds (types) of minerals were released, 210 advanced and applicable technologies were selected and promoted, and the first batch of 40 demonstration bases for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources covered seven fields, including oil and gas, coal and non-ferrous metals. The central government invested 20 billion yuan, and the enterprises planned to invest 174.2 billion yuan.
Since the "Twelfth Five Year Plan", the Chinese government has continuously promoted the reform of the mineral resources tax system. The reform of the resource tax follows the principle of price based taxation, supplemented by quantity based taxation. The rate of mineral resources compensation has been reduced to zero. During the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period, the amount of compensation for mineral resources collected was 88.44 billion yuan, an increase of 71.3% over the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period.
Comments
The China Mineral Resources Report has always been a window to look at the overall situation of China's mineral resources. The report focuses on China's major progress in mineral resources exploration, development and utilization, mine geological environment protection, geological and mineral survey and evaluation during the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period, and how the Chinese government actively promotes streamlining administration and delegating power, vigorously promotes the reform of the administrative examination and approval system and the mineral resources tax and fee system, increases supervision, improves service levels, and adheres to the principle of attaching equal importance to development and protection, Give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, administer according to law and in a sunny manner, stimulate the vitality of the mining market, guide and standardize the mining market behavior, and make the management of mineral resources more standardized and orderly.

5、 The CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Improving the Property Rights Protection System and Protecting Property Rights in accordance with the Law
Summary
On November 4, 2016, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Improving the Property Rights Protection System to Protect Property Rights in accordance with the Law, making a comprehensive deployment for improving the property rights protection system and promoting the legalization of property rights protection. The Opinions clarified the general requirements for improving the property rights protection system to protect property rights according to law, and proposed specific reform measures from 10 aspects.
To strengthen the protection of property rights, the fundamental policy is to comprehensively promote the rule of law. The Opinions pointed out that those with constant property have perseverance, and the effective protection and realization of property rights of economic subjects are the basis for sustainable and healthy economic and social development.
We must speed up the improvement of the property rights protection system, effectively protect the property rights of economic organizations and citizens of all forms of ownership in accordance with the law, enhance the people's sense of security of property and wealth, enhance social confidence and form good expectations, enhance the motivation of various economic entities to start businesses and innovate, safeguard social fairness and justice, and maintain sustained and healthy economic and social development and long-term stability of the country.
In terms of promoting property rights protection, the Opinions emphasized that we should adhere to equal protection and improve the property rights protection system with equity as the core principle. The property rights of the public economy are inviolable, as are the property rights of the non-public economy; Adhere to comprehensive protection. The protection of property rights includes not only the protection of property rights, creditor's rights and equity, but also the protection of intellectual property rights and other intangible property rights; Adhere to legal protection, constantly improve the legal system of the socialist market economy, strengthen the implementation of laws, and ensure that there are laws to abide by; Adhere to joint participation, build a government of rule of law, responsibility and integrity, enhance citizens' awareness of property rights protection and contract, and strengthen social supervision; Adhere to the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes, focus on the long-term, focus on the present, pay close attention to solving the outstanding problems in property rights protection, and accelerate the establishment of a long-term mechanism for property rights protection.
Comments
The property right system is the basis for the effective operation of the socialist market economy. The Opinions are of great significance for improving the socialist market economic system and achieving sustainable and healthy economic and social development. Adhering to the problem orientation, proceeding from reality, focusing on outstanding problems in property rights protection, and proposing "effective" reform measures have strong pertinence and practical significance. With the promotion of the construction of the rule of law government and the integrity of government affairs, as well as the improvement of the relevant legal system, the protection of property rights will be institutionalized and legalized, and a long-term mechanism for property rights protection will be built.
6、 National Mineral Resources Plan (2016-2020) approved by the State Council
Summary
On November 8, 2016, the State Council issued the Official Reply on the National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020) (GH [2016] No. 178). With the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Commerce officially issued the implementation. The Plan is divided into 8 chapters and 33 sections.
The Plan comprehensively implements the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, takes ensuring resource security as the goal, improves the quality and efficiency of mining development as the center, strengthens resource protection and rational utilization, correctly handles the relationship between the government and the market, current and long-term, local and overall, resources and environment, domestic market and international market, promotes supply side structural reform, and optimizes the pattern of resource development and protection, Accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of mining industry, promote practical cooperation in mining industry, realize the benefits of resource development for the people, and provide reliable energy resources guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way.
The overall goal of the Plan is to basically establish a safe, stable and economic resource guarantee system by 2020, basically form a green mining development model that is economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and harmonious, basically build a unified, open, orderly and dynamic modern mining market system, significantly improve the quality and efficiency of mining development, and shape a new pattern of resource security and mining development.
Specific objectives include:
The reserves of important mineral resources have maintained a steady growth, striving to discover 5 to 8 billion ton oilfields and 5 to 10 100 billion cubic meters of oilfields, build 103 energy resource bases, designate 267 national planned mining areas, the proportion of large and medium-sized mines has exceeded 12%, the output rate of major mineral resources has increased by 15%, the geological environment of 500,000 hectares of mines left over from history has been treated and restored, and the scope of competitive transfer of mining rights has been further expanded, Establishing the national rights and interests system of mineral resources.
Comments
The Plan clarifies the development direction of China's mineral resources exploration, development, utilization and protection in the coming period, clarifies and refines the work priorities and tasks, provides the basis and guidance for maintaining national resource security, leading the supply side structural reform of mining, and standardizing the exploration, development and utilization of resources. It is the overall blueprint and action program for China's mineral resources management reform and mining economic development in the next five years.
The new round of planning is based on the concept of innovation, coordination, green, open and shared development to coordinate the exploration, development, utilization and protection of mineral resources.
7、 The NPC and the CPPCC issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Illegal Mining and Destructive Mining
Summary
On November 28, 2016, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly released the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Illegal Mining and Destructive Mining (FSH [2016] No. 25). The Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Law in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Illegal Mining and Destructive Mining shall be repealed at the same time.
There are 16 articles in the Interpretation, which mainly include 3 aspects. The interpretation clarifies the conviction and sentencing standards of illegal mining crime and destructive mining crime, the qualitative treatment of illegal sand mining and the criteria for criminalization. In addition, it also includes substantive issues and illegal income involved in mineral resource crimes, such as heavier punishment, unit crime, joint crime, terminology definition, value determination, etc The procedural issues such as the handling of criminal tools and the identification of specialized issues are explained.
According to the Interpretation, the five categories of circumstances should be identified as "serious", including the value of the mineral products mined or the value of the damage to the mineral resources of more than 100000 yuan to 300000 yuan; Mining in a mining area planned by the State or a mining area that is of great value to the national economy, mining specific minerals that are subject to protective mining as prescribed by the State, or mining in a mining prohibited area or during a mining prohibited period, the value of the mineral products mined or the value of the damage caused to the mineral resources is more than 50000 yuan to 150000 yuan; Having been subjected to more than two administrative penalties for illegal mining within two years, and committing illegal mining again; Causing serious damage to the ecological environment, and other serious circumstances.
For the links of harbouring, transferring, purchasing and selling on behalf of others, the Interpretation clearly stipulates that those who knowingly harbor, transfer, purchasing, selling on behalf of others or concealing by other means the mineral products obtained from crime and the income generated therefrom shall be convicted and punished for the crime of concealing or concealing the gains from crime and the income from crime; Whoever conspires in advance shall be punished as a joint crime.
Comments
The Interpretation clarifies three controversial focal points in the determination of the crime of illegal mining:
First, how to accurately understand the counts of illegal mining crime;
Second, how to evaluate the administrative punishment in the determination of illegal mining crime;
The third is how to determine the effectiveness of the appraisal of the amount of destructive mineral resources, and at the same time, the relevant contents of the Criminal Law revised in 1997 and the Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Illegal Mining and Destructive Mining promulgated by the Supreme People's Court in 2003 are detailed, so as to standardize the order of mineral resources development, achieve the effective protection of mineral resources and effectively punish illegal mining crimes.
8、 The Ministry of Land and Resources and other departments issued the Measures for the Unified Registration of Natural Resources (for Trial Implementation)
Summary
On December 20, 2016, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Central Office, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the State Forestry Administration issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Measures for the Unified Registration of Natural Resources (Trial) (GTZF [2016] No. 192).
The general idea of the Measures is to build a unified system of rights confirmation and registration of natural resources based on real estate registration, to uniformly confirm and register the rights of all natural resources such as water flow, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland, beaches and mineral resources, to gradually draw a clear line between ownership by the whole people and collective ownership, to draw a clear line between ownership by the whole people and the exercise of ownership by governments at different levels, and to draw a clear line between different collective owners, Distinguish the boundaries of different types of natural resources, further clarify the rights and protection scope of different types of national natural resources, and promote the legalization of rights confirmation and registration.
The Measures include the General Provisions, the Natural Resources Register, the general procedures for registration, the registration of national parks, natural reserves, wetlands, water flows and other natural resources, the management and application of registration information, and supplementary provisions, and are attached with two annexes, namely, the format of the Natural Resources Register and the Pilot Scheme for Unified Registration of Natural Resources. In order to actively and steadily promote the unified right confirmation and registration of natural resources, pilot work was carried out in some areas from December 2016 to February 2018.
Comments
The unified right confirmation and registration of natural resources is an important measure to deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, build a beautiful China and implement the new development concept. On the basis of real estate registration, carrying out unified right confirmation registration of natural resources is conducive to achieving the purpose of clarifying the "four boundaries", supporting the establishment of a property right system of natural resources assets with clear ownership, clear rights and responsibilities, and effective supervision, serving the protection and supervision of natural resources.
9、 The NPC and the CPPCC issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution
Summary
On December 23, 2016, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution (FSH [2016] No. 29).
In combination with the characteristics of the current environmental pollution crime and the problems reflected in judicial practice, the Interpretation, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law, has made comprehensive and systematic provisions on the specific grasp of the relevant crime conviction and sentencing standards with 18 articles.
It mainly includes 10 aspects:
（1） The specific criteria for conviction and sentencing of the crime of environmental pollution are clarified;
（2） The specific criteria for conviction and sentencing of the crime of illegal disposal of imported solid waste, the crime of unauthorized import of solid waste, and the crime of dereliction of duty in environmental supervision were clarified;
（3） The specific application of the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy is clarified;
（4） It clarifies the rules for dealing with joint crimes of environmental pollution;
（5） The principles of dealing with the concurrence of environmental pollution crimes are clarified;
（6） Clarified the criminal responsibility of fraud in environmental impact assessment;
（7） The qualitative analysis and related problems of environmental quality monitoring system destruction are clarified;
（8） The standard of conviction and sentencing for environmental pollution related crimes committed by units is clarified;
（9） Clarified the scope and identification of "toxic substances";
（10） The evidence qualification of monitoring data is clarified.
Comments
Environmental protection is China's basic national policy and an important part of the sustainable development strategy. Following the strictest cultivated land protection system and the strictest water resource protection system, the implementation of the strictest environmental protection system has been proposed and become a social consensus. Justice is an important means to protect the environment and plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the modernization of the environmental governance system.
The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate have comprehensively revised and improved the 2013 Interpretation in light of some new situations and problems arising from environmental pollution crimes in recent years, which will play an important role in further improving the effectiveness of punishing environmental pollution crimes according to law, further strengthening environmental judicial protection, effectively protecting the ecological environment, and promoting the construction of a beautiful China.
10、 The central government's deep reorganization deliberated and approved the Reform Plan of the Mining Right Transfer System and the Reform Plan of the Mineral Resource Rights and Interests System
Summary
On December 30, 2016, the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the Reform Plan of the Mining Right Transfer System, the Reform Plan of the Mineral Resource Equity System and other documents at its 31st meeting.
The meeting stressed that improving the transfer system of mining rights is an important guarantee to safeguard the rights and interests of the national owners of mineral resources. It is necessary to promote the competitive transfer of mining rights, strictly restrict the transfer of mining rights by agreement, adjust the approval authority of mining rights, and strengthen the transfer supervision services. We should take the maintenance and realization of the basic rights and interests of the country's mineral resources as the core, straighten out the tax and fee system for mineral resources, rationally regulate the income from mineral resources, and establish a new system of mineral resources rights and interests that conforms to China's characteristics.
Among them, in terms of the reform of the mineral resources equity fund system, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Land and Resources jointly studied and drafted the Reform Plan of the Mineral Resources Equity Fund System (draft for comments) in October 2015, which proposed the framework and main contents of the mineral resources equity fund system, as well as supporting reform policies.
The specific contents of the Plan include:
First, in the link of mining right transfer, improve the system of mining right transfer, further expand the scope of competitive transfer of mining right, cancel the price of exploration right and mining right, and collect the income from mining right transfer. It is suggested that the sharing ratio between the central finance and the local finance should be set at 5:5.
Second, in the mining right occupation link, the exploration right use fee and the mining right use fee are adjusted to the mining right occupation fee. Those who occupy the mining right and engage in mineral resource exploration and mining pay the mining right occupation fee according to law. The mining right occupation fee shall be collected annually by the financial department together with the department in charge of mineral resources according to the area occupied and the quota of unit area. They shall be paid to the central and local coffers at a ratio of 2:8 and shared by the central and local finance.
Third, in the mining sector, mineral resources compensation fees should be appropriately incorporated into the resource tax, and the resource tax system should be improved.
Fourth, in the link of mine environmental governance and recovery, the deposit for mine environmental governance and recovery was cancelled, a fund for mine environmental governance and recovery was established, a dynamic regulatory mechanism was established, and the cost of environmental governance was internalized to enable mining enterprises to truly fulfill their responsibilities for mine environmental governance and ecological restoration. Mining enterprises need to set up separate accounting subjects. According to the requirements of mine environmental governance and ecological recovery, they should draw a certain proportion of the sales revenue for mine environmental governance and recovery funds, which should be included in the enterprise costs. The funds drawn should be used by enterprises to carry out mine environmental protection and comprehensive governance.
The supporting reform policies proposed in the Plan include:
First, the mining right occupation fee and the income from the transfer of mining right shall be included in the general public budget management, and shall be used by the finance departments at all levels for geological survey and ecological protection and restoration.
Second, the policy of converting the price of mining rights of geological prospecting units into capital was canceled.
The third is to cancel the policy of making up the price of gold mining rights that have been transferred to national capital.
Comments
Promoting the competitive transfer of mining rights, strictly restricting the transfer of mining rights by agreement, adjusting the approval authority of mining rights, strengthening the transfer supervision service, and improving the transfer system of mining rights are important guarantees for safeguarding the rights and interests of national owners of mineral resources. With the core of safeguarding and realizing the basic rights and interests of the country's mineral resources, the introduction of the document will straighten out the tax and fee system of mineral resources and reasonably adjust the income of mineral resources, and establish a new system of mineral resources rights and interests in line with China's characteristics.